Is obesity related to more mental health issues among Nigerian adolescents?

Every year on March 4th, the world comes together to observe World Obesity Day – a day dedicated to raising awareness about the global obesity crisis and promoting actions to maintain a healthier lifestyle. In Nigeria, this day is a critical reminder of the growing issue of adolescent obesity and the need to challenge societal attitudes that worsen weight-related stigma.

As more young Nigerians face the reality of obesity, understanding how it affects both their physical health and mental well-being is more important than ever.

How Many Young People Are Obese in Nigeria?
Recent studies reveal a worrying rise in obesity among Nigerian adolescents. Research conducted in the South-Western region found that 10.2% of adolescents are either overweight or obese. Similarly, a study in the Niger Delta region confirmed a high prevalence of obesity, signaling an urgent need for public health interventions. These numbers are not just statistics – they reflect a deeper concern about the future well-being of young people in Nigeria.

Why does this matter? Obesity during adolescence increases the risk of chronic health conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Additionally, the mental health impact can be just as significant.

 When Should You Be Concerned About Your Weight?
Understanding when weight becomes a health concern starts with knowing your Body Mass Index (BMI). This is calculated by dividing your weight in kilograms by the square of your height in meters (kg/m²). For adolescents, BMI percentiles specific to age and sex are used to determine weight status:

■ Underweight: If your weight is lower than 95% of people your age and gender.
■ Healthy weight: If your weight falls within the range of most people (between the 5th and 85th percentile).
■ Overweight: If your weight is higher than 85% of your peers but still below the top 5%.
■ Obesity: If your weight is in the top 5% for your age and gender.

 It’s important to note that these guidelines may vary across populations. A healthcare professional can provide a more comprehensive assessment by considering growth patterns, family history, and overall health.

 How does Society Treats Obese Adolescents?
For many Nigerian adolescents, being overweight is not just a physical challenge – it’s an emotional battle too. Obese teens often experience teasing, bullying, and discrimination, which can severely affect their self-esteem and mental health.

Research shows that obesity in childhood and adolescence is linked to:
✓ Depression and anxiety
✓ Low self-esteem and body dissatisfaction
✓ Social isolation and feelings of guilt

 These negative experiences can lead to adjustment disorders, where adolescents struggle to cope with the emotional stress of being overweight.

Addressing Adjustment Disorders Related to Obesity
Helping obese adolescents requires a holistic approach that goes beyond just encouraging weight loss. Effective interventions include:

1. Psychological Support: Access to counseling or therapy can help adolescents develop coping strategies and emotional resilience.

2. Family Involvement: Families play a key role in creating a supportive environment. Education on promoting healthy habits without judgment is crucial.

3. School-Based Programs: Implementing inclusive initiatives in schools can educate peers, reduce stigma, and promote body positivity.

 Why Does Losing Weight Improve Mental Health?
Weight loss can significantly boost mental health for several reasons:
● Improved Social Acceptance: Losing weight may reduce stigma and bullying, leading to better self-esteem and confidence.

● Positive Brain Chemistry: Physical activity and a healthy diet promote the release of endorphins and other mood-enhancing neurotransmitters, improving mental well-being.

However, it’s important to remember that weight loss alone does not always resolve underlying mental health concerns. Some adolescents may still experience body image issues even after losing weight. This is why a comprehensive approach – including psychological support – is vital.

 References
1. https://cartafrica.org/adolescent-obesity-in-nigeria-an-epidemic-with-minimal-response/

2. https://ndmjournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/PREVALENCE-OF-OVERWEIGHT-AND-OBESITY-AMONG-ADOLESCENTS.

3. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-025-21591-0

4. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-15032-z