Heat Wave

It’s no news that Nigeria is currently experiencing a severe heat stress with temperatures as high as 42°C. In March 2025, the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) issued warnings of severe heat stress in 19 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) due to soaring temperatures across the nation. Overall, northern regions faced temperatures between 36°C and 42°C, and southern areas between 34°C and 39°C. In this article, we will look into the meaning, causes, preventive measures, and tips to survive this heat wave in Nigeria.

What is a Heat Wave?
A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively high temperatures, often accompanied by high humidity. It can last for days or even weeks, causing significant discomfort and health hazards, particularly for vulnerable individuals such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions.

Causes of Heat Waves
Heat waves can be attributed to several factors, including:

1. Climate Change: Rising global temperatures due to greenhouse gas emissions have intensified heat waves worldwide.
2. Deforestation: The loss of trees reduces natural cooling and increases the overall temperature.
3. Urbanization: Expanding cities with concrete structures and asphalt roads trap heat, creating urban heat islands.
4. Seasonal Weather Patterns: Nigeria's dry season, influenced by the Harmattan and the sun's position, contributes to extreme heat conditions.

Health Impacts
The impacts of prolonged exposure to extreme heat can be very severe, especially for vulnerable populations such as the elderly, children, and people with preexisting conditions. Some of the most common heat-related illnesses include:

1. Heat Exhaustion – Symptoms include excessive sweating, dizziness, headache, nausea, and muscle cramps. If untreated, it can lead to heat stroke.
2. Heat Stroke – A life-threatening condition where the body cannot effectively regulate its own temperature causing it to rise above 40°C (104°F). Symptoms include confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness. Immediate medical attention is required.
3. Dehydration – High temperatures cause excessive fluid loss, leading to dizziness, dry skin, and weakness.
4. Cardiovascular Issues – Extreme heat puts extra stress on the heart, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
5. Increased Mortality – This majorly affects vulnerable populations.

Tips to Survive the Heat Wave in Nigeria
To stay safe during extreme heat, consider the following tips:

1. Stay Hydrated
Drink plenty of water throughout the day to prevent dehydration. Avoid sugary, alcoholic, or caffeinated drinks, as they can lead to dehydration.

2. Wear Light and Breathable Clothing
Wear loose, light-colored, and breathable fabrics such as cotton. Avoid dark-colored clothing, which absorbs more heat.

3. Limit Outdoor Activities
Avoid direct sunlight, especially during the hottest hours of the day (11 a.m. and 4 p.m.). If outdoor activities are necessary, use an umbrella or wear a wide-brimmed hat and use sunscreen.

4. Keep Indoor Temperatures Cool
Use fans, air conditioning, or cross-ventilation to cool rooms. Close curtains or blinds to reduce the amount of sunlight entering through the windows which in turn reduces indoor heat.

5. Take Cool Showers or Baths
Regularly take cold showers or wipe your body with a damp cloth to cool down.

6. Eat Light and Fresh Meals
Consume fruits and vegetables with high water content, such as watermelon, cucumber, and oranges. Avoid heavy, hot meals that can increase body temperature.

7. Monitor Vulnerable Individuals
Ensure that children, elderly relatives, and sick individuals stay cool and hydrated.

8. Recognize Heat-Related Illnesses
Be aware of symptoms of heat exhaustion and heatstroke, such as dizziness, nausea, rapid heartbeat, confusion, and fainting. Seek medical help immediately if these symptoms occur.

Preventive Measures
To minimize the effects of heat waves, individuals and authorities can take the following measures:
- Afforestation and Reforestation: Planting more trees to increase natural cooling.
- Proper Urban Planning: Incorporating green spaces and heat-resistant materials in city planning.
- Water Conservation: Ensuring access to adequate water supply for hydration and cooling.
- Public Awareness: Educating citizens on the dangers of heat waves and effective coping strategies.

Conclusion
With temperatures continuing to rise, it is crucial for everyone to take proactive measures to combat the ongoing heat wave. We can be the change we want to see. I hope that this tips are helpful and till I come your way again, stay hydrated, stay indoors as much as possible too.