Suicide: A Growing Crisis Among Young Nigerians

Suicide among young Nigerians is a serious but often overlooked issue. The pressures of economic hardship, academic struggles, social expectations, and untreated mental health issues contribute to rising suicide rates. Despite growing awareness, stigma and lack of support remain significant barriers to prevention. Understanding the problem and knowing how to support someone in distress can save lives. 

Shocking Suicide Data Among Young Nigerians
According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) 2022 analytical fact sheet, the African region has the highest suicide rate globally, estimated at 11.2 per 100,000 population in 2019, compared to the global average of 9.0 per 100,000. Evidence suggests that Nigeria’s suicide rate stands at 17.3 per 100,000, exceeding both the global average of 10.5 per 100,000 population and Africa’s regional estimate of 12.0 per 100,000 (WHO, Suicide in the World: Global Health Estimates, 2019). Alarmingly, suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among individuals aged 15 to 29 globally, showing the urgent need for action, especially as social and economic challenges continue to escalate. Recognizing this, in November 2023, the Federal Government inaugurated the National Suicide Prevention Strategic Framework (NSPSF 2023-2030), aimed at reducing suicide rates and addressing mental health challenges, especially among young people.

Who Is More Likely to Attempt Suicide?
Suicide can affect anyone, but certain groups face higher risks. Individuals struggling with mental health disorders like depression and anxiety have an increased likelihood of suicidal thoughts. Those experiencing substance abuse, family conflicts, bullying, or societal discrimination are also more vulnerable.

In Nigeria, economic difficulties and academic pressure significantly impact young people’s mental health. Many feel trapped by financial struggles, parental expectations, and a lack of opportunities, which can lead to feelings of hopelessness. Victims of abuse, neglect, or social rejection face even higher risks.

Why Are Men More Likely to Die by Suicide Than Women?
Globally, while women attempt suicide more often, men are more likely to die by suicide. The suicide rate for men stands at 12.6 per 100,000, nearly double that of women (5.4 per 100,000). In Africa, the male suicide rate is 18.0 per 100,000, while the female suicide rate is 5.2 per 100,000, slightly below the global average.

This gender disparity is linked to more lethal methods used by men, such as hanging or firearms, compared to women, who often resort to less fatal means like poisoning. In Nigeria, cultural norms discourage men from expressing vulnerability or seeking help, leading to untreated depression and mental distress. Toxic masculinity and societal expectations to “man up” contribute to male suicide rates remaining alarmingly high.

What to Do If Someone Tells You They Are Suicidal
If someone confides in you about suicidal thoughts, your response can make a difference. Here’s how to help:
- Take Them Seriously – Never dismiss their feelings or assume they are seeking attention.
- Listen Without Judgment – Allow them to express their emotions without interrupting or trying to “fix” them immediately.
- Encourage Professional Help – Guide them toward mental health professionals, religious leaders, or trusted mentors who can offer support.
- Remove Immediate Dangers – If they have access to harmful objects or substances, ensure they are in a safe environment.
- Stay Connected – Isolation worsens suicidal thoughts. Regularly check in and offer companionship.

Suicide Helplines and Where to Get Help in Nigeria
One of the biggest challenges in Nigeria is the lack of accessible mental health services, but support is available. If you or someone you know is struggling, reach out to these organizations:
- Mentally Aware Nigeria Initiative (MANI) – Call: +234 809 111 6264, 08111680686 (mentallyaware.org)
- Nigerian Mental Health Helplines: National Emergency Hotline (112) (nigerianmentalhealth.org)
- Suicide Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (SUPRIN) – Call: +234-908-021-7555, +234-903-440-0009 (surpinng.com)
- Women Safe House Sustenance Initiative 24-Hour Crisis Helpline: +234 812 113 3399 (womensafehouse.org)

Save These Numbers—Sharing Them Could Save a Life!

Suicide among Nigerian youth is a critical issue driven by mental health challenges, societal pressures, and economic difficulties. Although these challenges are significant, there is hope and help available. Breaking the stigma, promoting open conversations, and providing support can save lives. If you or someone you know is struggling, don’t remain silent—reach out for help. Your life matters, and support is accessible

References: 
1. WHO Africa Suicide Analytical Fact Sheet 2022

2. World Health Organization. Suicide in the World: Global Health Estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. pp. 1–33 

3. FG inaugurates policy documents to reduce suicide, mental health prevalence | Pulse Nigeria

4. https://www.verywellmind.com/gender-differences-in-suicide-methods-1067508

5. https://findahelpline.com/organizations/women-safe-house-sustenance-initiative-24-hour-crisis-helpline